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3.

What is Therapy?

Solution-Focused (Brief) Therapy (SFBT)

SFBT is an evidence-based, non-judgemental, goal-directed and collaborative therapeutic approach which focuses on what clients want to achieve without exploring the history and background of problem(s). The focus is on identifying the client's goals, determining what life will be like when the goal is achieved and the problem is either gone or minimised. SFBT uses the following questions:

  • The Miracle Question helps clients to picture and describe how the future will be different when the problem is no longer present.

  • Scaling Questions are used so clients can measure and track of their own therapy. 

  • Exception-Seeking Questions help clients identify times when the problem(s) are less severe or absent. Once identified, these times can be repeated and increased. 

  • Coping Questions are used to find examples when the client is managing, which may have gone unnoticed by them. 

  • The exploration of Problem-Free times helps clients relax and think about their strengths and resources.

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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a method of treatment for psychological disorders, that takes a practical, task-based approach to solving problems.

It is designed to help change negative thoughts and behaviours, by providing more positive and fulfilling solutions.

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The focus of CBT is to address symptoms while they are present, and to learn skills and techniques that can be used in the ongoing improvement of mental health.

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Mindfulness

Mindfulness practice involves the process of developing the skill of bringing one's attention to whatever is happening in that the present moment.  Mindfulness means maintaining a moment-by-moment awareness of our thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and surrounding environment, through a gentle, nurturing lens. Mindfulness also involves acceptance, meaning that we pay attention to our thoughts and feelings without judging them—without believing, for instance, that there’s a “right” or “wrong” way to think or feel in any given moment. When we practice mindfulness, our thoughts tune into what we’re sensing in the present moment rather than rehashing the past or imagining the future. There is also evidence that suggest engaging in mindfulness meditation may also influence physical health.

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Transactional Analysis

In Transactional analysis is a form of modern psychology that examines a person's relationships and interactions. In therapy, transactional analysis can be used to address one's interactions and communications with the purpose of establishing and reinforcing the idea that each individual is valuable and has the capacity for positive change and personal growth. 

 

Family Therapy 

Family therapy, also referred to as couple and family therapy, marriage and family therapy, family systems therapy, and family counselling, is a branch of psychotherapy that works with families and couples in intimate relationships to nurture change and development. It tends to view change in terms of the systems of interaction between family members. It emphasises family relationships as an important factor in psychological health.

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The concept of the family is more commonly defined in terms of strongly supportive, long-term roles and relationships between people who may or may not be related by blood or marriage.

 

The different schools of family therapy have in common a belief that, regardless of the origin of the problem, and regardless of whether the clients consider it an "individual" or "family" issue, involving families in solutions often benefits clients. This involvement of families is commonly accomplished by their direct participation in the therapy session. The skills of the family therapist thus include the ability to influence conversations in a way that catalyses the strengths, wisdom, and support of the wider system.

 

Narrative Therapy

Narrative therapy is a form of psychotherapy that aims to separate the individual from the problem, allowing the individual to externalise their issues rather than internalise them. For example, when treating someone who had run afoul of the law, they would encourage the individual to see him- or herself as a person who has made mistakes rather than a felon.

  • Narrative therapy is respectful: Narrative therapists respect the agency and dignity of every client.

  • Narrative therapy is non-blaming: Problems emerge in everyone’s lives due to a variety of factors. Narrative therapy separates people from their problems, viewing them as whole and functional individuals who engage in thought patterns or behaviour that they would like to change.

  • Narrative therapy views the client as the expert: As the client is the expert in his or her own life, the therapist works collaboratively with the client.

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Motivational Interviewing

Motivational interviewing is a counselling method that helps people resolve ambivalent feelings and insecurities to find the internal motivation they need to change their behaviour. It is a practical, empathetic, and short-term process that takes into consideration how difficult it is to make life changes.

 

Motivational interviewing is often used to address addiction issues as well as support the management of physical health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and asthma. This intervention helps people become motivated to change the behaviours that are preventing them from making healthier choices. Clients are encouraged to talk about their need for change and their own reasons for wanting to change, which leads on to conversation about change and commitment.

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